Pass: When one or more phases are combined into a module then the module is referred as pass. A pass is  read the source program to the output of the previous pas, makes the transformations specified by its phases & writes output into an intermediate file.
Advantages : 
- Reduced memory space.
- Requires less time.
Limitations of parses :-  
- The interface between the lexical & syntactic analyzer can often be limited to a single token.
- It is very hard to perform code generation until the intermediate representation has been completely generated.






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